1SCS #9-19 pg. 82-83

9.11g sugar.

   44g water. 

10. 15,000.

11. Since water has an uneven distrobution of electrical charge, where the end of the oxygen atom is negatively charged and the ends of the hydrogen atoms are positively charged, a water molecule is polar. 

13. a. K+ ion

b. Br- ion
a. The negatively charged end, the oxygen end.
b. The positively charged end, the hydrogen end.

14. Heavy metals are called heavy because thheir atoms have greater masses than those od essential metallic elements, and therefore, are harmful to humans and other organisms. 

15. Numbness, staggered walk, tunnel vision, and brain damage are (four) symptoms of heavy metal poisoning. Heavy metal poisoning can lead to death; it causes damage the nervous system, brain, kidneys, and liver. 

16. a. lead
      b. mercury.
A.
1) Soil surrounding heavily traveled roads, for it may have absorbed automobile exhaust from the gas from cars that contained tetraethyl lead before the 1970s.
2) Flaking leaded paint in houses built before 1978.
B.
1) Thermometers and florescent light bulbs.
2) Fish exposed to mercury in the water. 

17.Hydroxide (OH-) is found in many bases.

18. Hydrogen (H) is found in most acids.

19.
a. seawater (basic)
b. drain cleaner (basic)
c. vinegar (acidic)

d. pure water (chemically neutral)

Blog Question

You divide the madd and multiply it by 100. It is tricky to do the math.

Homework 9

1.

a) The solution is a supersaturated one.

b)

2. 

b) With less solution, it is more concentrated.

iii. 25 grams

3. 

c) With more solution, the KCl molecules are more spread out.

C.2 #1-3 p.56/ 1SCS #1-8 pg. 82

1. a) 105 grams
    b) 47 grams

2. a) 20 grams
    b) 20 grams

3. a) 90 grams
    b) 200 grams of water would have to be added



1. Three teaspoons of sugar will completely dissolve in a serving of hot tea, but will not dissolve in an equally sized serving of iced tea because because of the difference in mixtures. The hot water has a bigger gap for the molecules, allowing more space for the sugar molecules to fit in between.

2. The maximum mass of potassium chloride that will dissolve in 100.0 g water at 70 degrees c is 48 grams.

3. a. 100.0 mL water

4. 80 degrees C then 20 degrees C.

5. Saturated means that there is so much of a substance that you cannot dissolve anymore of it. An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less dissolved solute than the amount that the solvent can normally hold at that temperature.

6a. 80g

6b. Supersaturated

6c. 35g

7a. Crystals will dissolve

7b. Crystals will not dissolve.

7c. Crystals will dissolve and sink to the bottom of the mixture.

8. 30%

Lab Questions #1-4

1. There was a reference solution and a blank used in each test so that there is something that can be used for comparison.

2. Some problems associated with the use of qualitative tests are that if you dont wash the mixers correctly, they may contaminate the samples.

3. These tests cannot absolutely confirm the absence of an ion because you may not be able to physically see the ions. 

4. Our observations may have changed if we had not cleaned our wells or stirring rods thoroughly after each test in ways that our samples might change color. 

1SBS #19-24 pg. 51

19. Number of protons and neutrons needed for an electrically neutral atom:

• a. Carbon: 6 protons, 6 electrons
• b. Aluminum: 13 protons, 13 electrons
• c. Lead: 82 protons, 82 electrons
• d. Chlorine: 17 protons, 17 electrons

20. Are the following atoms electrically neutral?

• a. Sulfur: no
• b. Iron: no
• c. Silver: yes
• d. Iodine: no

21. Are the following atoms electrically neutral, an anion, or a cation?

• a. anion
• b. electrically neutral
• c. electrically neutral
• d. cation
• e. cation

22. Was the electrical charge or lack of electrical charge for each particle in #21 from a neutral atom gaining electrons, losing electrons, or neither?

• a. losing electrons
• b. neither
• c. neither
• d. gaining electrons
• e. gaining electrons

23. Symbol and electrical charge for the following atoms or ions:

• a. H
• b. Na+
• c. Cl-
• d. Al+

24. Name and formula for the ionic compound that can be formed from these cations and anions:

• a. KI = potassium iodine
• b. CaS = calcium sulfur 
• c. FeBr = iron bromine
• d. BaOH = barium oxygen hydrogen
• e. NHPO = nitrogen hydrogen phosphorous oxygen
• f. AlO = aluminum oxygen

Water Diary!

1. My household used about 1000 Liters of water in 3 days
2. Being the only one in the house other than my dog, each person used around 1000 Liter was used on average.
4. The range of the average daily of water use is 1,493.
5. The mean is 600L and the median is 579L.
6. We use more water than the average person due to living in a desert climate.
7. The class average is closer to the national mean.

Per Household	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3
Number of persons	1	1	1
Number of Baths (in house)	6	6	6
Number of showers Average duration of a shower	2 (15 minutes)	2 (15 minutes)	2 (15 minutes)
Number of toilet flushes	3	4	3
Number of hand washes	8	7	10
Number of machine washed dishes	0	0	2
Number of lawn or garden watering Average duration of watering	1 (10 minutes)	0 (No sprinklers)	1 (10 minutes)
Number of car washes	0	0	0
Number of cups of water drank throughout the day	2.8 liters (soccer)	2.3 liters	2.8 liters (soccer)
Water given to the dog	6 cups	6 cups	6 cups

ISBS #13-18

13.

14. (I) Element (II) Element (III) Compound (IV) Element (V) Compound (VI) Element
15. Compounds and Elements.
16a. Hydrogen, Phosphate, Oxygen
16b. Sodium, Oxygen, Hydrogen.
16c. Sulfer, Oxygen
17a.

17b. ?
17c. 2 Hydrogen one Chlorine
18a. NaH₂C₂lO_3
18b.?

B.5 #1-3

1.

2. Heterogeneous mixture

3.

Bad Beehaviour

This article is about the strange case of the bandit bumblebees. Scientists have recently discovered that bumblebees are committing the act of "nectar robbery". Nectar robbery is when the bees go around flower to flower, taking all the nectar and leaving nothing in return. The Nectar robbery analogy comes from the situation as if there was a bank robbery because robbers, take everything and then just leave without any regret. People say this is either really bad, or not bad at all. Ever since this has been happening scientists have been anxious to know why. Researches say, its normal because it is apart of the natural selection cycle, also many flowers have been dying because some bees take so much nectar, it kills the flower. Scientist still havent figured out why bees are doing this, but they have concluded only a few bumblebees each year figure out this robbery technique. The bees have created a new culture for themselves, although it may not be pleasant.

ISBS #1-12 pg. 50

1. A physical property is the physical characteristic of the substance or object.
2. Liquid, transulecent, wet.
3. An example of solid water is ice, and ice is more dense than liquid water because it is solid.
4. On a hot summer day while drinking ice cold water. While drinking the water you see the ice, the liquid water, and also the vapor that is evaporating from the cup.
5. Heterogenous mixtures are made up of multiple substances, Homogenous mixtures are made up of the same substances.
6.What ever substance is more dense it will go to the bottom of the cup, and what ever is less dense, will float to the top.
7. a. a medicine accompanied by instructions to "shake before using": colloid
    b. Italian salad dressing: suspension
    c. mayonnaise: colloid    d. a cola soft drink: colloid    e. an oil-based paint: solution    f. milk: colloid

8. It shows that the air in the room is a colloid.
9.
10. It is a solution because its made up of a homogenous mixture.
11. A substance is a particular kind of matter with uniform properties.
12. a. compound
      b. element
      c. compound
      d. element
      e. compound
      f. compound
      g. Element

1SAS Questions #3,4,5,6,7 on page 23, and #1-4 on page 22

3a. Indirect water use.
3b. Direct water use.
3c. Direct water use.

4. To purify water, is to filter it from particles of many kinds that could effect the body, or make it clean enough for a living thing to drink or use for daily needs.

5. Oil Separation, Charcoal adsorption filtration, and Sand filtration

6. The oils were reduced more and more in each step of the foul water purification experiment.

7. The foul water lab today was used for filtering the still water. If we tried to use it on seawater, the water would be purified, yet it would still be salt water. To make seawater into pure water that one can drink, you would need to remove the salt some how for it to be safe to drink.



Pg. 22:


1. Washing a car, Swimming, Fountains.
2. Showering
3. I could take shorter showers to save more water, and learn to save water. Also, while washing my hands, I could use less water as well.
4. Another example of reusing water, is using the water that you shower with, to wash your car with, or  to mop the floor.

FOUL WATER LAB REPORT.

	Volume (mL)	Color	Clarity	Odor	Presence of Oil	Presence of Solids
Before treatment	100 mL	Light brown	Not clear	Onion/trash	Yes; on top	Yes; On bottom and top
After oil-water separation	92 mL	Light Brown	Not clear	Onion/trash	Not as much	Yes, On bottom
After sand filtration	91 ML	Yellow/ Brownish	Not clear, but clearer than before	onions	None	None
After charcoal adsorption and filtration	83 mL	White, clear	Clear	No smell	None	None

 

Abstract: In this lab experiment, my group and I purified foul water. This was a long and tedious process but we got it done. Although, we did have trouble when we got to step 17. We accidentally skipped the step of pouring the foul water with the charcoal into the filter paper, instead we put the charcoal straight into the filter paper and poured the foul water on top and we got water with the charcoal particles inside so it turned black. Eventually we went back, and mixed everything together, and got a new filter paper, and by the end, we had clean water.

Procedure:

1.Prepare a data table to provide information about the lab experiment

2.  Use a clean beaker with about 100 mL (milliliters) of foul water, and measure the volume with a graduated cylinder.

3.  Place notes in the data table of the appearance, color, clarity, and smell of the original sample.

4.   Let the sample sit in the graduated cylinder for a few minutes.

5.   Take a clean Beral pipet, and remove as much upper liquid from the foul water into a clean test tube.

6.  Add distilled water to the liquid placed in the test tube. Observe if the water floats to the top or sinks to the bottom.

7.    Take the volume of the liquid sample remaining in the gradated cylinder.

8.    Throw away the in the test tube.
9.    Poke holes into the bottom of a Styrofoam cup.
10.  Add 1cm of gravel as the bottom layer, 2 cm of sand as the middle layer, and to top it off, another 1 cm of gravel.

11.Pour the sample into the cup so it will filter it. Catch the filtered liquid in a beaker.

12.Throw away the used sand and gravel.

13.  Look at the characteristics of the filtered water sample and the measurement of its volume. Save the water sample for the next procedure.

14. Fold a piece of filter paper.

15. Place the folded piece of filter paper in a funnel, and wet it so that it will stick against the base and the sides of the cone.

16. Place one level teaspoon of charcoal in a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask.

17. Pour the water sample into the flask, and swirl it around for multiple seconds. The pour the liquid into the filter paper in the filter cone.

18. If darkened by small charticoal particles when filtered, redo step 17.

19.  When satisfied by the color and the smell, place it back into a graduated cylinder and record the final volume and properties of your purified sample.

Conductivity: The purified foul water is a conductor for electricy and contains positive and negative charges due to the salt and other particles that werent completely filtered out.