Howler Monkeys
Howler monkeys are among the largest of the new world monkeys.These monkeys are native to South and Central American forests. Threats to howler monkeys include human predation, habitat destruction and being captured for captivity as pets or zoo animals. These monkeys are famous for their loud howls, which can travel three miles through dense forest.Most howler monkey species live in groups of six to 15 animals, with one to three adult males and multiple females.Physical fighting among group members is infrequent and generally of short duration. However, serious injuries can result. Both males and females rarely fight with each other, but physical aggression is even more rare between sexes.They each have an enlarged basihyal or hyoid bone which helps them make their loud vocalizations. Group males generally call at dawn and dusk, as well as interspersed times throughout the day.Howler monkeys are widely considered to be the loudest land animal.The function of howling is thought to relate to intergroup spacing and territory protection, as well as possibly to mate-guarding.
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/howler-monkey/
Why do Hippos lick crocodiles?
Recently it has been studied by scientists, why Hippos are chewing and licking the scaly spines of crocodiles. This is extremely unusual because crocodiles are known for eating prey much larger then themselves. Hippos have been spotted chewing on the back of crocodiles without any fear what so ever even though, hippos are cautious knowing they are predators in the rivers and lakes. Hippos are known for being herbivores which means they do not eat meat. The only hippos that have preformed this act were young female calfs, and occasionally adult females. This chewing and licking of the hippos to the crocs are a way of showing their motherliness and nurturing to the crocodiles. The funny and strange thing about this is, the crocodiles are afraid of the hippos because they are so much larger and stronger so the crocodiles do not want to fight back or cause trouble with them because they know the hippos will attack.
http://www.discoverwildlife.com/animals/hippo-whisperer
Results:
1. Both Magnesium and zinc reacted with the most solutions.
2. Copper reacted with the fewest salutations.
3. If we tested silver metals, it would react with neither of the solutions. This is because silver has one of the lowest reactivities, and since all the solutions have a higher reactivity, silver will not react with another of the solutions.
4. The most reactive metals in order from greatest to least are:
1. magnesium
2. zinc
3. copper
4. silver
5. The outside of a penny is made of copper instead of zinc because copper is less reactive than zinc. And because copper is less reactive, it will not react with other materials as often, so it will keep its form.
6. a. Out of the four metals mentioned in this investigation, silver would be the best choice to use for the outside of a penny because it is less reactive than copper, so it would react with less materials than copper does.
b. I think silver is not used on the outside surface of a penny because it may be more expensive to obtain than copper, or there isn't a great abundance of this metal as there is for copper.
7. a. Silver would be most likely to be found in an uncombined, or "free" state in nature because it is less reactive; therefore, it is wont combine with other materials easily, so it should be found "free."
b. Magnesium would be least likely to be found chemically uncombined with other elements because it is a metal that is most reactive; therefore, will combine with other material more often and more easily.
8. a.Yes, it would be possible to estimate one or more of the metal-solution combinations and still obtain all the information because if you have the reactivity for one thing, than that can give you an estimate for how reactive the metal is.
b. The combinations that could have been eliminated would be magnesium nitrate because since that was the most reactive solution and metal, it would not cause a solution with the other metals; therefore, give us no information.
Aggregated class data:
After all the groups have combined all their data together, most groups got the same results. The only results that have one or so groups that had a different results were for the reaction with copper in copper nitrate and with magnesium in zinc nitrate. The reason most groups got the same results because the reactions were more noticeable, and didn't involve intricate determining.
Why do Sharks Breach?
Great white shark hunting off the coast of South Africa has been extensively studied, and observations have lead to the generation of a predatory ethogram containing four phases: Initial Strike, Secondary Pursuit, Prey Capture, and Feeding. Each phase comprises a set of behaviors which can be utilized by the shark during the hunt to maximize success as circumstances change. Breaching occurs when a shark surges out of the water, completely clearing its body from the surface. White sharks breach during the initial strike as a method of surprising and overpowering their prey, fur seals. Approaching from below, they are difficult to see, especially for a seal with its head out of the water. A breach assault allows the white shark to build up speed before it contacts the seal with a devastating blow. The breach is meant to incapacitate the seal; attacks of a single breach were responsible for 80% of successful hunts. The strange thing about this action that the sharks are doing is, this only happens in one place in the world, seal beach. There has been no reports of sharks breaching in any other area of the world other to this date.
http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/white_shark/breaching.htm
http://ocean.si.edu/great-white-shark
Abstract: The purpose of the Metal or Nonmetal lab is to check unknown element's reactivity and conductivity, and if they are malleable or brittle. Hydrochloric acid and Copper Chloride were used on each sample to see how each unknown element would react. The conductivity test tested the unknown element's conductivity. To tell if it was a conductor, is if the lightbulb would light up after the specimen was attached to the battery A hammer was used to check if the sample was malleable or brittle. All tests were used to see if the unknown element was a metal or nonmetal.
Procedure: We began the lab by creating a data table to record data. We collected all the elements. We then proceeded by observing the appearance of each element and recording the color, luster and form. Later, we measured the conductivity of all the specimens. Sample A was not conductive. Sample B was conductive. Sample C was conductive. Sample D was conductive. Sample E was not conductive. Sample F was conductive. Sample G was conductive. After that, we attempted to bang the hammer on each sample to check if it was malleable or brittle. Sample A was not malleable. The surface of the specimen was scratched . Sample B was malleable. Sample C was malleable. Sample E was brittle. Sample F was malleable. Sample G was brittle. We then added 20 drops of copper chloride to each sample. There were reactions with Sample A, C, and G. Then We added 20 drops of Hydrochloric acid to each sample. There was only a reaction with Sample G. With Sample G, bubbles formed and later, it dissolved.
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Solar-powered flights
Its moment in the sun
Last march, A revolutionary solar-powered aircraft touched down at Moffett Airfield, in the heart of the Silicon Valley. This aircraft still is being built and edited to be highest quality it possibly can be. Also, this aircraft is only a prototype for a much bigger exploit. Unfortunately, this project group faced a major setback in the aircraft. The aircraft failed a critical safety check. its main wing spar, the backbone of plane, broke during the structural tests. It has taken almost a year for them to fix the wing spar, but the team is back and is scheduled to have a world flight in early 2015. In the mean time, they team is working on flying the plane across the United States and the Americas, and this is better because if anything goes wrong, it is easier to land on dry land, then on water. In todays day, there hasn't been any other set backs, and their global flight is still on schedule. More updates will come before the official flight.
Abstract:
The purpose of this lab is to conduct a solubility graph on data from succinic acid's solubility with three temperatures, 45, 55 and 65 degrees. My group and I placed succinic acid into test tubes, heated the test tubes, and then emptied out all the liquid. We then put the test tubes in an ice bath and measured the crystals in millimeters. The lab demonstrates succinic acid's solubility increases as temperature increases.
Procedure:
To begin the lab, we got a a 400 ml beaker. As it is said in the directions, we filled the beaker with 300 ml of water. Later, we got 4 grams of succincic acid, zeroed out a weighing boat on the scale, and measured. We then began to heat the beaker to 45 degrees celsius. We then placed 4 grams of succinic acid into a test tube and added 15 ml of distilled water. We waited as the beaker heated to 45 degrees, then we placed the test tube in the beaker and began to stir the succinic acid for 7 minutes. We then took the test tube out of the beaker and emptied out the clear liquid from the test tube into a separate test tube Later, we prepared an ice bath by filling a beaker with water and ice. We placed the test tube in the liquid for two minutes while stirring. We then took out the test tube and let it sit for 5 minutes. We made sure the crystals settled evenly on the bottom. Then we measured the height of the crystals. We repeated the previous steps but heated the beaker to 55 degrees celsius. We repeated the previous steps again but heated the beaker to 65 degrees celsius.
Results:
As a soccer player, I really like the new technology of the ball. Since Im a striker, I get a lot of touches on the ball, and I really enjoy the feel of the ball when shot or dribbled. Most balls now are being produced to be the newest technology. Sooner or later, all balls will be up to the highest standard.
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Abstract: This lab procedure was very long and frustrating due to the fact we had to keep track of every well and the outcome of each. We never had any errors and we worked very well as a group. Pictures below show the outcomes of the mixtures.
DATA TABLE: Calcium Ion Test
Solution
|
Observations
(color, precipitation, etc)
|
Results (ion
present?)
|
Blank (Distilled)
|
Nothing
|
No
|
Reference
|
Cloudy; precipitation
|
Yes
|
Control
|
Nothing, clear
|
No
|
Tap Water
|
Nothing, clear
|
No
|
Natural Water (Ocean)
|
Lightly cloudy;
precipitation
|
Yes
|
DATA TABLE: Iron Ion Test
Solution
|
Observations (color, precipitation, etc)
|
Results (ion present?)
|
Blank (Distilled)
|
Nothing
|
No
|
Reference
|
Originally a reaction, but it went clear
|
No
|
Control
|
Black, very dark red
|
Yes
|
Tap Water
|
Very light orange; precipitate
|
Yes
|
Natural Water
(Ocean)
|
Nothing
|
No
|
DATA TABLE: Chloride Ion
Test
Solution
|
Observations (color, precipitation, etc)
|
Results (ion present?)
|
Blank (Distilled)
|
Nothing
|
No
|
Reference
|
Cloudy, white; precipitate
|
Yes
|
Control
|
Very light orange
|
Yes
|
Tap Water
|
Lightly cloudy; precipitate
|
Yes
|
Natural Water
(Ocean)
|
Nothing
|
No
|
DATA TABLE: Sulfate Ion Test
Solution
|
Observations (color, precipitation, etc)
|
Results (ion present?)
|
Blank (Distilled)
|
Nothing
|
No
|
Reference
|
Gold
|
Yes
|
Control
|
Brownish- white (cream); precipitate
|
Yes
|
Tap Water
|
Nothing
|
No
|
Natural Water
(Ocean)
|
Cloudy; precipitate
|
Yes
|
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Procedure:
Calcium Iron Test:
1. Place 20 drops of solution into a well.
2. Add three drops of sodium carbonate to test solution to the well.
3. Record observations, color, precipitates.
4. Decide whether the calcium cations are precent.
5. Discard the contents of the wellplate.
Iron Ion Test:
1. Place 20 drops of solution into a well.
2. Add one or two drops of potassium thiocyanate test reagent to the well.
3. Record observations, color, precipitates.
4. Decide whether Iron cations are present.
5. Discard the contents of the wellplate.
Chloride Ion Test:
1. Place 20 drops of solution into a well.
2. Add three drops of silver nitrate test reagent to the well.
3. Record observations, color, precipitates.
4. Decide whether the Chloride anions are present.
5. Discard the contents of the wellplate.
Sulfate Ion Test:
1. Place 20 drops of solution into a well.
2. Add three drops of barium chloride test reagent to the well.
3. Record observations, color, precipitates.
4. Decide whether the Sulfate anions are present.
5. Discard the contents of the wellplate.
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